2022---ethereum--transaction-fees--finally--plummeting---the-merge-has-nothing-to-do-with-it ●

The adoption of Flashbots helped move much of the "bidding" for transaction priority off-chain.

It did not significantly expand the network's capacity to handle more transactions per second.

The frenetic "gas wars" caused by high-profile NFT drops cooled down as the market matured. The adoption of Flashbots helped move much of

Networks like and Optimism gained massive adoption.

Fees are determined by how many users are competing for limited block space. The adoption of Flashbots helped move much of

Lower demand for decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and NFT minting meant less competition for block space.

The "plummeting" fees in 2022 were driven by a combination of market cooling and technical evolution: The adoption of Flashbots helped move much of

Optimised smart contracts (like ERC-721A) reduced the gas required for minting.