The Success — Equation: Untangling Skill And Luck...

Rather than seeing success as binary (either talent or chance), Mauboussin places activities on a spectrum:

A simple heuristic to determine where an activity falls is to ask:

Most of life's competitive arenas—business, investing, and team sports like hockey or football—sit somewhere in the middle. The "Losing on Purpose" Test

The "Success Equation" is a framework popularized by Michael Mauboussin in his book The Success Equation to help us understand why some people or companies win while others fail. At its core, the theory argues that most outcomes are a blend of two distinct forces: (the ability to apply knowledge effectively) and Luck (random events where a different outcome could have reasonably occurred). The Luck-Skill Continuum

Activities where individual effort has no impact on the outcome. Examples include lotteries and roulette.

Activities where the best performer almost always wins. Examples include running races, swimming, and chess.