For those interested in the how , this paper on SSRN details the use of machine learning, biometric security (facial recognition), and transaction monitoring used to flag "suspicious" activities. Summary of Common Surveillance Methods Tracking Pixels Monitor page viewing and cart abandonment. Digital Receipts Link your phone/email to in-store cash transactions. YouTube Research Biometrics Facial recognition and fingerprinting for identity. GSCARR Behavioral AI Analyze historical patterns to predict fraud or intent.
Finding a single "good" paper depends on whether you're interested in the side or the technical mechanics of how stores track you. SURVEILLANCE ONLINE STORE
Surveillance Pricing Is Quietly Raising the Cost of Online Shopping (2025) For those interested in the how , this
This quantitative study explores the "Privacy Paradox"—why people say they care about privacy but still shop at stores that track them heavily. Surveillance Pricing Is Quietly Raising the Cost of
A Comparative Analysis of Fraud Prevention Techniques in E-commerce Platforms (2025)
It identifies that "perceived risk" significantly lowers purchase intentions, but can be offset by a store's reputation and transparent security measures. 4. Technical Mechanics & Security