Using labels or colors to show who is talking off-screen.
This perspective focuses on rather than literal translation. The goal is to preserve the "flavor" and intent of the original dialogue while adapting it for a new culture.
Subtitling is a "constrained" form of writing. Every line is governed by rigid spatial and temporal rules:
A crucial modern vantage point is . Unlike standard subtitles, these include non-speech information:
Subtitles are typically timed to a speed of 12–15 characters per second (CPS) to ensure the viewer can read the text and watch the action simultaneously.