: Emerged from the extreme fringes of the 1968 student movements and the "Hot Autumn" factory strikes of 1969. Groups were disillusioned by the traditional Italian Communist Party (PCI), which they viewed as too reformist.
: Highly compartmentalized "columns" and "brigades" designed to resist infiltration. Storia del partito armato 1968-1982
: Known for smaller-scale militant actions. The Crisis Peak (1978–1980) : Emerged from the extreme fringes of the
: Attacks shifted from factories to institutional targets like judges and police. Key Groups : Aside from the BR, other major groups appeared: Storia del partito armato 1968-1982
: The Red Brigades (BR) were founded in late 1969 by Renato Curcio and others, initially focusing on "propaganda by deed" like firebombing cars and brief "demonstrative" kidnappings of factory managers. Escalation and Expansion (1974–1977)