: Relied on a central database to index files, which made it a "single point of failure" for legal action.
: These services moved toward "swarm" downloading, where users could download pieces of a single file from many different sources at once, significantly increasing speeds for large files like movies. Technological Impact: Centralization vs. Decentralization programs like napster
: Programs like Gnutella acted as a "hammer to break censorship," as there was no central computer to shut down. : Relied on a central database to index