Made of ultra-pure glass with extremely low absorption ( ) to carry data over thousands of miles.
): Represents how much light is lost to absorption as it travels through the solid. 4. Important Optical Phenomena
Light passing through the medium. Transparent materials like glass have electronic gaps larger than the energy of visible light, meaning photons pass through without being absorbed. 2. The Role of Band Structure
When a solid absorbs energy and re-emits it as light (e.g., LED lights).
Light bouncing off the surface. Metals are highly reflective because their "free" electrons can oscillate rapidly to cancel out the incoming field.
An increase in electrical conductivity caused by light absorption (used in light sensors).
): Determines the speed of light in the material and how much it "bends" (refraction). Extinction Coefficient (