During the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire, once a dominant global power, faced internal decay and external pressure from European nations. This period is often referred to as the era of the "Sick Man of Europe." 1. Internal Crisis and Fragmentation
Below is a structured summary of the key themes and events discussed in this section of the curriculum. Overview of Paragraph 26: The Decline of the Ottoman Empire During the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire, once
: The authority of the Sultans declined as local governors and military elites (such as the Janissaries) sought more independence. Overview of Paragraph 26: The Decline of the
: While some modernization occurred, the reforms were often met with resistance from conservative religious leaders and failed to stop the empire's territorial losses. 4. The Young Turk Movement The Young Turk Movement : Sought access to
: Sought access to the Mediterranean through the Black Sea straits (Bosphorus and Dardanelles).