The transition into the 20th and 21st centuries saw a sharp decline in sheep populations—dropping from 4.1 million to 1.6 million in Germany alone between 1989 and 2019. Néprajzi értesítő 71-73. szám, 1989-1991. - REAL-J
Shepherds often lived in "confinement" or isolated environments to manage animal productivity and protection. Jacobeit-Schafhaltung.zip
Traditional German and Central European husbandry typically followed three primary models: The transition into the 20th and 21st centuries
Based on the scholarly work of , specifically his seminal text Schafhaltung und Schäfer in Zentraleuropa bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts , - REAL-J Shepherds often lived in "confinement" or
Long-distance movement of mobile shepherds and flocks between seasonal pastures.
A core theme in the Jacobeit-Schafhaltung studies is the professionalization of the shepherd ( Schäfer ).
Due to their mobility and "dishonorable" proximity to animal death and birth, they often occupied a distinct social niche outside standard village hierarchies. 4. Modern Challenges and Declines