: Despite social backwardness in some areas, Italy modernized its education and culture to align with broader European patterns.
The story of Italy in the nineteenth century (1796–1900) is one of "difficult modernization"—a journey from a fragmented collection of states under foreign rule to a unified, modern nation-state. This era, often called the (Resurgence), is characterized by the intersection of revolutionary politics, cultural awakening, and rapid social change. The Narrative Arc: 1796–1900 Italy in the Nineteenth Century 1796-1900 (Shor...
: The era was dominated by prime ministers like Depretis and Crispi, who navigated a "highly imperfect democracy" and labor unrest. : Despite social backwardness in some areas, Italy