If trading directly on Canadian exchanges, you must convert USD to CAD. Brokers charge a spread or fee for this.

Smaller Canadian companies often trade on the U.S. OTC market. Tickers typically end in (e.g., ABCZF ).

These represent shares of a Canadian company held in trust by a U.S. bank and trade on U.S. exchanges in USD. :

Allows international trading on the TSX for most retail accounts, though you may need to enable this feature manually. : Supports ADRs and OTC "foreign ordinaries" online.

The TSX/TSXV operates from , matching U.S. major exchanges. 4. Tax and Reporting (U.S. Residents)