Here is a look at three major "pieces" or schools of thought that laid the groundwork for Western science and logic: 1. The Milesians: Finding the First Substance

Heraclitus believed the universe was in a state of constant flux.

: He saw fire as the symbol of this perpetual change and the Logos (universal reason) as the law governing it. 3. Parmenides & Zeno: The Illusion of Motion

: Widely considered the first philosopher, he proposed that everything is ultimately made of water .