Dye -

: A crucial step to ensure color fastness. Common mordants include potash alum , salt , or white vinegar .

: Turmeric (yellow/orange), blueberries (blue/purple), and red cabbage (red/pink).

Industrial processes often involve specific chemical classes and strictly controlled environments. : A crucial step to ensure color fastness

: Materials are typically boiled in water for 30–60 minutes to extract the pigment. The liquid is then filtered before immersing the fabric.

: Garments should be pre-washed and may require a tannin soak (e.g., using avocado pits) to enhance color longevity. 3. Synthetic & Industrial Dyeing : Garments should be pre-washed and may require

Dyes are colored organic compounds that impart color to materials like textiles, paper, leather, and plastics. For a substance to effectively act as a dye, it must absorb light in the visible region and be able to fix itself to fabrics through physical or chemical bonding.

Natural dyeing uses eco-friendly materials like fruits, vegetables, and plants to create colors. and red cabbage (red/pink).

This report outlines the essential components and procedures for dye preparation and application, ranging from home-based natural methods to industrial standards.