is a hybrid regime type where formal democratic institutions (like elections and parliaments) exist and are the primary means of gaining power, but are subverted by incumbents to create an uneven playing field.
Rather than relying on the overt violence of traditional dictatorships, these regimes use more subtle instruments: Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes Af...
: Incumbents use state resources, control over the media, and a biased judiciary to disadvantage opponents. is a hybrid regime type where formal democratic
These regimes are defined by a "procedural minimum" of democracy that is systematically violated: control over the media
: While elections are held regularly and are generally free from "massive" fraud, they are often marred by voter intimidation, unequal media access, and manipulation of electoral rules. Methods of Control