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: His tenure included substantial income tax cuts in 2001 and 2003, and concluded during the onset of the Great Recession following the 2007–2008 subprime mortgage crisis.

: This pivotal event led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the launch of the Global War on Terror , including wars in Afghanistan and Iraq .

: In 2003, Bush launched the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) , an international investment estimated to have saved 25 million lives by providing HIV/AIDS treatment.