: Generally the outgoing "charmers." They are often social, creative, and humorous but may struggle with irresponsibility or manipulation.

Dr. Leman notes that several variables can change a child's "functional" birth order:

According to Dr. Leman, each position typically develops a specific set of traits:

: Being the first child of a specific sex (e.g., the first daughter after two sons) can grant firstborn-like qualities.

: Often the high-achieving "leaders" and perfectionists. They are frequently organized, ambitious, and responsible, often occupying high-level positions like CEOs or surgeons.