Equipartition TheoremEach quadratic degree of freedom contributes
approaches a constant minimum. This implies that heat capacities must vanish at absolute zero ( II. Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell Relations A Guide to Physics Problems. Part 2. Thermodyna...
Which should I expand on (e.g., Bose-Einstein Condensation)? Bose-Einstein Condensation)? . For Real Gases
. For Real Gases, use the van der Waals equation to account for molecular volume and intermolecular forces. A Guide to Physics Problems. Part 2. Thermodyna...
) as a state function. If two systems are in equilibrium with a third, they are in equilibrium with each other. The First Law: Energy Conservation
to the internal energy. Note: This fails at low temperatures where quantum effects "freeze out" degrees of freedom. Conclusion