Using variable focusing to determine if the subject has 3D depth (real human) or is a 2D flat surface (photo).
The most secure papers propose combining face data with other biometrics like fingerprints or finger veins to ensure the "Real Face" is actually attached to a live person. 4 : Real Face
(The control group of authentic, live captures used to establish a baseline for genuine biometric utility ). 2. Experimental Methodologies Using variable focusing to determine if the subject
Systems often struggle more with real faces at extreme angles or varying distances (e.g., beyond 2.7 meters) than they do with static spoofs. 4 : Real Face
